Selected Veins of the Thorax - Listed Alphabetically
|
| Vein |
Tributaries |
Drains Into |
Regions Drained |
Notes |
| accessory hemiazygos v. |
left posterior intercostal vv. 4-7 or 8, left bronchial
vv., esophageal vv. |
azygos v. |
mid levels of the left posterolateral chest wall |
the azygos system is variable, and levels drained by
the accessory hemiazygos v. may vary |
| anterior cardiac v. |
no named veins are tributary to these vessels |
right atrium |
anterior surface of the right ventricle |
anterior cardiac vv. cross the superficial surface of
the right coronary a. |
| ascending lumbar v. |
lumbar vv. 1-4 |
right: azygos v.; left: hemiazygos v. |
posterior abdominal wall |
ascending lumbar v. connects adjacent lumbar vv. |
| azygos v. |
formed by the union of the ascending lumbar v. and the
subcostal v.; tributaries: posterior intercostal vv. 11-2 (right
superior intercostal), hemiazygos v., accessory hemiazygos v.,
esophageal v., right bronchial v. |
posterior surface of the superior vena cava |
lateral and posterior walls of the abdomen and chest;
esophagus; bronchial tree |
may connect with the inferior vena cava; arch of azygos
passes superior to the root of the lung |
| brachiocephalic v. |
formed by the union of the subclavian v. and the
internal jugular v.; tributaries: vertebral v., thymic v., inferior
thyroid v., internal thoracic v., 1st posterior intercostal v., left
superior intercostal v. (to the left brachiocephalic v.) |
the left and right brachiocephalic vv. unite to form
the superior vena cava |
head; neck; upper limb; anterior chest wall |
at its origin, the left brachiocephalic v. receives the
thoracic duct; at its origin, the right brachiocephalic v. receives the
right lymphatic duct |
| cardiac, anterior |
no named veins are tributary to these vessels |
right atrium |
anterior surface of the right ventricle |
anterior cardiac vv. cross the superficial surface of
the right coronary a. |
| cardiac, great |
ventricular vv. |
unites with the oblique v. of the left atrium to form
the coronary sinus |
region of the heart near the anterior interventricular
sulcus |
great cardiac v. is the longest of the cardiac vv.; it
accompanies the anterior interventricular a. |
| cardiac, middle |
ventricular vv. |
coronary sinus |
region of the heart near the posterior interventricular
sulcus |
middle cardiac v. accompanies the posterior
interventricular a. |
| cardiac, small |
no named veins are tributary to this vessel |
coronary sinus |
region of the heart near the inferior vena cava and
right coronary sulcus |
small cardiac v. courses through the coronary sulcus
with the right coronary a. |
| cardiac, smallest |
no named veins are tributary to these small vessels |
drain directly into the heart chambers, particularly
the atria |
myocardium |
also known as: Thebesian vv.; least cardiac vv.; venae
cordis minimae |
| coronary sinus |
formed by the union of the great cardiac v. and the
oblique v. of the left atrium; tributaries: middle cardiac v., small
cardiac v. |
right atrium |
heart, except the region drained by the anterior
cardiac vv. and the smallest cardiac vv. |
coronary sinus is located in the coronary (atrioventricular)
sulcus; its opening into the right atrium is guarded by an imperfect
valve |
| esophageal v. |
tributaries are unnamed |
azygos v.; hemiazygos v. |
esophagus |
esophageal vv. connect with the esophageal brs. of the
left gastric, forming a potential portal-caval venous anastomosis (esophageal
varices when enlarged) |
| great cardiac v. |
ventricular vv. |
unites with the oblique v. of the left atrium to form
the coronary sinus |
region of the heart near the anterior interventricular
sulcus |
great cardiac v. is the longest of the cardiac vv.; it
accompanies the anterior interventricular a. |
| hemiazygos v. |
formed by the joining of the left ascending lumbar v.
and the left subcostal v.; tributaries: left posterior intercostal vv. 8
or 9-11; esophageal vv. |
azygos v. |
inferior levels of the left posterolateral chest wall |
the azygos system is variable, and levels drained by
the hemiazygos v. may vary |
| hemiazygos, accessory |
left posterior intercostal vv. 4-7 or 8, left bronchial
vv., esophageal vv. |
azygos v. |
mid levels of the left posterolateral chest wall |
the azygos system is variable, and levels drained by
the accessory hemiazygos v. may vary |
| intercostal, posterior |
lateral cutaneous br. |
1st: brachiocephalic v.; 2nd-4th: superior intercostal
v.; right 5th-11th: azygos v.; left 5th-7th or 8th: accessory hemiazygos
v.; left 9th-11th: hemiazygos v. |
intercostal space including skin, muscles and adjacent
ribs; the spinal cord at that segmental level and the corresponding
vertebra |
the difference in termination of the intercostal vv. of
the left and right sides is explained by the embryonic origin of the
azygos system from the (originally symmetrical) supracardinal vv. |
| intercostal, superior |
2nd-4th posterior intercostal vv. |
right: arch of the azygos v.; left: left
brachiocephalic v, |
intercostal spaces 2-4 |
superior intercostal v. develops from the cephalic end
of the supracardinal v. in the embryo |
| lumbar, ascending |
lumbar vv. 1-4 |
right: azygos v.; left: hemiazygos v. |
posterior abdominal wall |
ascending lumbar v. connects adjacent lumbar vv. |
| middle cardiac v. |
ventricular vv. |
coronary sinus |
region of the heart near the posterior interventricular
sulcus |
middle cardiac v. accompanies the posterior
interventricular a. |
| oblique v. of the left atrium |
no named tributaries |
coronary sinus |
left auricle and a small portion of the left atrium |
oblique v. of the left atrium is the remnant of the
embryonic left superior vena cava, the proximal portion of which forms
the coronary sinus |
| posterior intercostal v. |
lateral cutaneous br. |
1st: brachiocephalic v.; 2nd-4th: superior intercostal
v.; right 5th-11th: azygos v.; left 5th-7th or 8th: accessory hemiazygos
v.; left 9th-11th: hemiazygos v. |
intercostal space including skin, muscles and adjacent
ribs; the spinal cord at that segmental level and the corresponding
vertebra |
the difference in termination of the intercostal vv. of
the left and right sides is explained by the embryonic origin of the
azygos system from the (originally symmetrical) supracardinal vv. |
| pulmonary v. |
lobar vv. |
left atrium |
lungs |
there are usually two pulmonary vv. per side, (superior
and inferior) |
| superior intercostal v. |
2nd-4th posterior intercostal vv. |
right: arch of the azygos v.; left: left
brachiocephalic v, |
intercostal spaces 2-4 |
superior intercostal v. develops from the cephalic end
of the supracardinal v. in the embryo |
| superior vena cava |
formed by the union of the paired brachiocephalic vv.;
tributary: azygos arch |
right atrium |
all of the body above the level of the diaphragm except
for those regions drained by the pulmonary vv. and coronary vv. |
superior vena cava is formed posterior to the first
costal cartilage on the right side |
| thoracoepigastric v. |
numerous vv. of the superficial fascia |
lateral thoracic v. |
skin and superficial fascia of the anterolateral body
wall |
thoracoepigastric v. connects the superficial
circumflex iliac v. and the superficial epigastric v. - it can serve as
collateral drainage when the inferior vena cava is blocked |
| vena cava, inferior |
formed by the union of the paired common iliac vv;
tributaries: lumbar vv. 1-4, right ovarian/testicular v., renal vv.,
right suprarenal v., right inferior phrenic v., hepatic vv. |
right atrium |
all of the body below the level of the respiratory
diaphragm |
the inferior vena cava is longer than the abdominal
aorta |
| vena cava, superior |
formed by the union of the paired brachiocephalic vv.;
tributary: azygos arch |
right atrium |
all of the body above the level of the diaphragm except
for those regions drained by the pulmonary vv. and coronary vv. |
superior vena cava is formed posterior to the first
costal cartilage on the right side |
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