posterior - anterior surface of bodies of
vertebrae T1 through T4
superior - plane of the thoracic inlet
inferior - plane of the sternal angle
lateral - mediastinal pleura
Contents of the Superior Mediastinum
If it helps to remember what is in the superior
mediastinum, you can visualize the contents in planes from anterior to posterior:
glandular plane
venous plane
arterial-nervous plane
visceral plane
lymphatic plane
This is how we will approach its study.
This image shows the
structures of the superior mediastinum in tact.
Then we will start from the anterior boundary
and work our way through the superior mediastinum from anterior to posterior.
With the thorax in tact, the
first thing you see when you get ready to study the superior mediastinum is
the manubrium of the sternum and the cartilage of the first rib.
These structures make up the anterior boundary.
The first plane is the
glandular plane.
The gland is what is left of the thymus. It
consists of two lobes and is mainly fat in the adult with small islets of
active thymic cells scattered throughout.
The second plane is the
venous plane and consists of the:
left brachiocephalic vein
right brachiocephalic vein
superior vena cava
arch of the azygos vein
The third plane is the
arterial-nervous plane and consists of the:
aortic arch and its branches
brachiocephalic artery
left common carotid artery
left subclavian artery
nerves include the:
left and right vagus nerves
left and right phrenic nerves
The fourth plane is the visceral plane and includes the:
trachea
esophagus
left recurrent laryngeal nerve
Trachea
Esophagus
The fifth plane is the
lymphatic plane and consists of the:
thoracic duct
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